142 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
142 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# OS-2: Windows Installation, Boot, and Recovery
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Status: not started
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Domain:
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- 1.0 Operating Systems
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## What You Need To Know
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Windows installation questions usually test which method fits the situation.
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Core install types:
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- **Clean install**: wipes or replaces the existing OS. Best when starting fresh or when the old OS is badly damaged.
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- **Upgrade install**: keeps compatible apps, files, and settings while moving to a newer Windows version.
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- **Repair install / in-place repair**: reinstalls Windows system files while trying to keep user data and applications.
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- **Image deployment**: applies a prepared OS image to one or many computers. Common in business environments.
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- **Network boot / PXE**: boots a computer from the network to install or deploy an OS.
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Boot and recovery questions usually test the first tool to try.
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Common recovery tools:
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- **Windows RE**: Windows Recovery Environment. This is the recovery menu used for repair options.
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- **Startup Repair**: use when Windows will not boot correctly.
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- **System Restore**: rolls system files/settings back to a restore point. It does not restore personal files.
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- **Uninstall updates**: useful after a bad Windows update breaks startup.
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- **Reset this PC**: reinstalls Windows and can keep or remove user files, depending on the option selected.
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- **System image recovery**: restores the computer from a full system image backup.
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## Memory Tricks
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Install choices:
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- **Clean = clear the old system.**
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- **Upgrade = up but keep stuff.**
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- **Image = identical installs.**
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- **PXE = Preboot eXecution Environment = boot before local OS.**
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Recovery choices:
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- **Startup Repair starts the system again.**
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- **System Restore restores settings, not documents.**
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- **Image Recovery returns the whole picture.**
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- **Reset is the bigger hammer when repair tools fail.**
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## Commands To Enter
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Enter these on Windows PowerShell or Command Prompt:
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```powershell
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reagentc /info
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows whether Windows Recovery Environment is enabled.
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- Useful when checking whether local recovery tools are available.
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```powershell
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shutdown /r /o /t 0
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```
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What it does:
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- Restarts Windows directly into Advanced Startup options.
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- `/r` means restart.
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- `/o` means go to advanced boot options.
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- `/t 0` means wait zero seconds.
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```powershell
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bcdedit
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```
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What it does:
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- Displays Boot Configuration Data.
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- Useful for viewing boot loader entries.
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- Be careful: changing BCD settings can break boot if done incorrectly.
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```powershell
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sfc /scannow
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```
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What it does:
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- Scans protected Windows system files and repairs corrupted files when possible.
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- Use for suspected Windows system file corruption.
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```powershell
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DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
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```
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What it does:
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- Repairs the Windows component store used by SFC.
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- If SFC cannot repair corruption, DISM is often used before running SFC again.
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Enter these on Linux for comparison practice:
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```bash
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lsblk
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```
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What it does:
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- Lists block devices such as drives and partitions.
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- Useful for understanding disk layout before installation or recovery work.
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```bash
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df -h
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows mounted file systems and disk usage in human-readable units.
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```bash
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sudo reboot
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```
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What it does:
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- Restarts the Linux system.
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- `sudo` runs the command with administrative privileges.
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## Mini Lab
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Goal:
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- Recognize recovery options and practice safe information-gathering commands.
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Windows:
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1. Run `reagentc /info`.
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2. Record whether Windows RE is enabled.
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3. Run `sfc /scannow`.
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4. Record whether Windows found integrity violations.
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5. Optional: run `DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth`.
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6. Do not change `bcdedit` settings. Only run `bcdedit` to view current boot entries.
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Linux:
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1. Run `lsblk`.
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2. Identify the main disk.
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3. Run `df -h`.
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4. Identify the root filesystem and free space.
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## Quick Check Before Quiz
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You are ready for the OS-2 quiz when you can answer these without looking:
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- What install type wipes the old OS?
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- What install type keeps compatible files/apps/settings?
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- Which recovery tool fixes common boot problems?
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- What does System Restore affect?
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- What command restarts Windows into Advanced Startup?
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