253 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
253 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# OS-8: macOS Tools and Features
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Status: not started
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Domain:
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- 1.0 Operating Systems
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Objective alignment:
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- 1.8 macOS tools and features
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## What You Need To Know
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You may not use macOS daily, but the exam expects you to recognize common macOS tools, file types, folders, and features.
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Focus on matching the macOS term to its job.
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## Memory Trick
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Use **F-D-T-K-S-I**:
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- **F**inder: files
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- **D**isk Utility: disks
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- **T**ime Machine: backups
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- **K**eychain: passwords/certificates
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- **S**potlight: search
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- **I**Cloud: sync
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Security shortcut:
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- **FileVault = full disk encryption**
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- **Privacy = app permissions**
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- **Rapid Security Response = urgent Apple security patches**
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## macOS File Types
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`.dmg`:
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- Apple disk image.
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- Mounts like a virtual drive.
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`.pkg`:
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- Installer package.
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- Runs an installation process.
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`.app`:
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- Application bundle.
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- Often removed by dragging to Trash, though some apps include uninstallers.
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## macOS Folders
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`/Applications`:
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- Installed apps.
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`/Users`:
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- User home folders.
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`/Library`:
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- System-wide support files.
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`~/Library`:
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- User-specific support files and preferences.
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- `~` means the current user's home folder.
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`/System`:
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- Core operating system files.
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## macOS Tools and Features
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System Settings:
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- macOS equivalent of the Windows Settings app/Control Panel.
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- Used for display, network, privacy, accessibility, updates, accounts, and more.
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Finder:
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- macOS file manager.
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- Similar idea to Windows File Explorer.
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Dock:
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- Quick app launcher and running-app indicator.
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Spotlight:
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- Search for apps, files, settings, and information.
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- Shortcut: `Command-Space`.
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Mission Control:
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- Shows open windows and desktops.
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Spaces:
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- Multiple virtual desktops.
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Keychain Access:
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- Stores passwords, certificates, keys, and secure notes.
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iCloud:
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- Apple cloud sync for files, photos, contacts, calendars, messages, device backup, and cross-device integration.
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Time Machine:
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- Built-in macOS backup tool.
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- Creates automatic backups and removes oldest backups when the backup disk fills.
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Disk Utility:
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- Manage disks, partitions, images, erasing, verifying, and repairing file systems.
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FileVault:
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- Full disk encryption for macOS.
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Terminal:
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- Command-line access to macOS.
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Force Quit:
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- Stops an unresponsive application.
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- Shortcut: `Command-Option-Escape`.
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Continuity:
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- Apple cross-device features such as AirDrop, iPhone camera use, message forwarding, and handoff-style workflows.
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Gestures:
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- Trackpad actions such as swiping, pinching, and multi-finger controls.
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Remote Disc:
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- Uses an optical drive from another computer.
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- Mostly a legacy feature, but still an exam term.
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## Commands To Enter On A Mac
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Run these in Terminal when you have access to your friend's Mac.
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```bash
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sw_vers
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows macOS product name, version, and build.
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```bash
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uname -a
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows kernel and architecture information.
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```bash
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whoami
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows the current user.
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```bash
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pwd
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows the current directory.
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```bash
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ls /Applications
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```
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What it does:
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- Lists installed applications in `/Applications`.
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```bash
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ls /Users
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```
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What it does:
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- Lists user home folders.
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```bash
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diskutil list
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```
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What it does:
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- Lists disks and partitions.
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```bash
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tmutil status
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows Time Machine backup status.
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```bash
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fdesetup status
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```
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What it does:
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- Shows whether FileVault is enabled.
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## Windows/Linux Comparisons
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Finder:
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- Windows comparison: File Explorer.
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- Linux comparison: Files/Nautilus, Dolphin, or another file manager.
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System Settings:
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- Windows comparison: Settings and Control Panel.
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- Linux comparison: GNOME Settings or KDE System Settings.
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Terminal:
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- Windows comparison: Command Prompt, PowerShell, Windows Terminal.
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- Linux comparison: Terminal.
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Disk Utility:
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- Windows comparison: Disk Management.
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- Linux comparison: `lsblk`, `fdisk`, GNOME Disks.
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Time Machine:
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- Windows comparison: File History, Backup and Restore, system image concepts.
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- Linux comparison: distribution-specific backup tools or `rsync`-based workflows.
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FileVault:
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- Windows comparison: BitLocker.
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- Linux comparison: LUKS/disk encryption.
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## Mini Lab
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Goal:
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- Recognize macOS tools by doing safe lookups and comparisons.
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On macOS:
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1. Open Finder and identify `/Applications` and `/Users`.
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2. Open System Settings.
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3. Search System Settings for `FileVault`.
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4. Search System Settings for `Time Machine`.
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5. Open Spotlight with `Command-Space` and search for `Disk Utility`.
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6. Open Terminal.
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7. Run `sw_vers`.
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8. Run `diskutil list`.
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9. Run `tmutil status`.
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10. Run `fdesetup status`.
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Record:
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- macOS version:
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- Current user:
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- FileVault status:
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- Time Machine status:
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- Main disk name:
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- Where app privacy permissions are configured:
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Without a Mac:
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1. Review the macOS term list.
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2. Match each macOS term to a Windows or Linux equivalent.
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3. Practice the OS-8 quiz.
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## Quick Check Before Quiz
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You are ready for the OS-8 quiz when you can answer these without looking:
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- What does Time Machine do?
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- What does FileVault do?
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- What does Keychain store?
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- What is Finder comparable to in Windows?
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- Which shortcut opens Force Quit?
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- Which command shows macOS version?
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